HRM Information Systems

HRM Information Systems Dynamic Data innovation is required to drive Human Resource (HR)s progress from an attention on Human Resource Management (HRM) to Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This key job not just adds a significant measurement to the HR work, yet additionally changes the capabilities that characterize HR expert and specialist achievement. The examination targets researching what job if any do Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) play in SHRM. It endeavors to look at how HR experts and chiefs in various associations see the impacts of HRIS on vital HR assignments and occupation jobs. It additionally attempts to see whether there is any critical distinction in the utilization of HRIS between Small/Medium (SME) size and enormous size organizations. A study survey was sent to various organizations. The objective gathering of the poll was HR chiefs, HR executives, and HR experts in organizations situated in England. The extension was broadened to incorporate both enormous and little/medium estimated associations over all the business divisions. The aftereffects of the review uncover that HR experts not just consider HRIS use as a help for key HR assignments yet in addition see it as an empowering innovation. The examination likewise demonstrates that huge measured firms are well on the way to encounter significant HRIS utilization on the side of key HR undertakings. Also, there was no huge contrast in relation to the size of an organization in regards to HRIS utilization on the side of responsibility the board and overseeing worker's organization relations with associations. Low reaction pace of this investigation makes speculation rather troublesome be that as it may, future exploration would profit by higher reaction rates for progressively summed up results Outline The connection between the HR techniques and the organizations execution is an issue that has caused noteworthy separations in the writing for the most part in view of the presence of numerous boundaries that can impact the outcomes created through the assessment of this issue practically speaking. In addition, in light of the fact that inside a firm, the members and the premiums are numerous it is hard to recognize the job and the hugeness of every specific authoritative component especially when there is no particular corporate arrangement for such an examination. Exploration PROBLEM The HR techniques followed by current associations present critical separations as per the organizations position in the market, its exhibition and its money related quality all in all. In the long haul, the utilization of explicit HR systems has been seen as related with the presentation of the association. In addition, where suitable HR plans have been applied, the hierarchical presentation has been seen as expanded. Points AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH Flow research as of now referenced above will concentrate on the assessment of the connection between HR methodologies applied inside a specific association and its exhibition. All together for the above errand to prompt substantial outcomes, a progression of different issues will be analyzed at an optional level. These issues are demonstratively: a) Which is the noteworthiness of the HR for the authoritative activity, b) How the HR techniques can be increasingly powerful? c) Is there any possibility for advancement in firms with explicit HR plan or any applicable activity must be adjusted to the existed system? d) Which are the principle parts of hierarchical development and e) Are there whatever other elements that can impact the organizations execution and which would be their connection with the HR techniques previously actualized in the specific firm? Impediments OF THE RESEARCH Ebb and flow research is constrained by the way that it is somewhat far-fetched for organizations to furnish information related with their representatives issues related with the working environment. Then again, any projects or bolster instruments existed are probably going to be given by all organizations that would be occupied with the examination of current undertaking. Consequently, in spite of the fact that the activity fulfillment and the self-improvement of representatives would be fairly effortlessly checked, the presence of issues in the work environment would be hard to be demonstrated. Therefore momentum research as effectively depicted above spotlights on the assessment of the HR techniques followed by associations when all is said in done as these practices can be seen in many firms of present day business showcase. The presence of explicit separations as per the particular issue should be demonstrated either by measurements discharged by and large or by cases analyzed especially in the lawful zone. Presentation As indicated by Likert, Every part of firms exercises is dictated by the skill, inspiration and general adequacy of its human association. Of the considerable number of assignments of the executives, dealing with the human part is the focal and most significant errand since all depends how well it is finished. This citation summarizes the significance of human parts in an association and the requirement for overseeing it adequately. Human asset the board is worried about all parts of dealing with the HR of an association. All the more explicitly, human asset the executives includes deciding the associations notice of human asset, enlisting and choosing the best accessible representatives, creating, advising and compensating workers, going about as a contact with association and government association and taking care of different issues in regards to the prosperity of workers. Every one of these capacities is important somewhat regardless of nature and size of the association. That is the reason in the vast majority of the association a different division know as Personnel/Human asset Department is made for the viable execution of these capacities. The connection between the HR procedures and the organizations execution is an issue that has caused critical separations in the writing for the most part as a result of the presence of numerous boundaries that can impact the outcomes delivered through the assessment of this issue practically speaking. Also, in light of the fact that inside a firm, the members and the premiums are numerous it is hard to distinguish the job and the hugeness of every specific authoritative component especially when there is no particular corporate arrangement for such an examination. Association must have a lot of one of a kind assets for increasing upper hand in addition appropriate use of those assets matters a ton. Today association representative goes about as a principle asset and information, aptitudes and capacities must be conveyed and used to the greatest impact if the association is to make esteem. Writing REVIEW HR ought to be considered as a noteworthy authoritative resource. In this unique situation, the utilization of the suitable methodologies for its turn of events, can prompt the improvement of the corporate presentation both in the short and the long haul. In any case, there are additionally organizations where HR are not considered as having specific significance for the organizations development. In this specific situation, Haines (1997, 95) bolstered that there are firms that see their HR as a cost as opposed to a benefit a component that is disposable and maybe disposed of when the abilities had gets old; anyway when HR are seen as an advantage, organizations improve singular incentive through preparing and human turn of events and guarantee proceeded with commitment to the association. The significance of HR for the corporate presentation has regardless demonstrated both in the writing and the exact examination directed in every mechanical area. As per the abovementioned, all tog ether for a firm to accomplish a steady and consistent development, it is fundamental that its representatives are fulfilled as this term has been clarified in the writing. All the more explicitly, as per Kim (2005, 669) work fulfillment is a full of feeling or enthusiastic reaction toward different features of ones occupation. Employment fulfillment has been a subject of incredible enthusiasm for specialists and experts in a wide scope of fields, including authoritative brain research, open organization, and the executives. Then again, the presence of occupation fulfillment has been widely related with the degree of installment of workers in the specific parts of a particular association. Without a doubt, the investigation of Rudman (2003) indicated that paying for execution is a major issue in contemporary HR the executives; associations have since quite a while ago accepted that creation and profitability improve when pay is connected to execution, and have created installment by -results (PBR) frameworks and motivator plans to help this conviction. In a similar setting, it is seen by Blinder (1990, 117) that representatives as a rule feel that benefit sharing and increase sharing are useful for individual exertion, organization development and efficiency, and working environment climate. In any case, all together for the organizations to accomplish the most extreme degree of development, it is important to structure and apply the proper HR arrangements as showed by every specific firms needs. The utilization of fit as a standard of assessment of the fitting corporate procedure has been broadly utilized by and by. Towards this course Wright (1998, 56) referenced that the fundamental hypothesis behind fit is that the adequacy of any HR practice or set of practices for affecting firm execution relies on the organizations procedure (or on the other hand, the viability of any methodology relies on having the correct HR rehearses). At the end of the day, the issues that should be considered by a firm before applying any pertinent HR system are many. Characteristically, Katzell (1975, 5, 11-12) attempted to recognize the connection between the representative fulfillment (because of a particular HR procedure) and the corporate presentation and found that approach producers m ust face up to a genuine situation and discover some approach to determine it; the issue is this: arrangement creators might want to accomplish two targets for work associations, from one viewpoint to

Racial Profiling Goes Beyond Black and White by Polakow-Suransky, Essay

Racial Profiling Goes Beyond Black and White by Polakow-Suransky, (Pages.200-205) - Essay Example rican Americans, particularly youthful guys, are almost certain than are whites to be associated with the commission of a crime.â Racial profiling is unlawful however police are permitted to stop and search drivers on the off chance that they have motivation to accept that individual might be in control of medications or weapons so in this way, this training proceeds. Since September 11, 2001, law authorization offices around the nation are rehearsing another sort of racial profiling which has the endorsement of most all residents. It is alluded to as ‘flying while Arab.’ â€Å"In the post-September 11 atmosphere, ‘driving while black’ has become ‘flying while brown’† (204). Numerous cases have been accounted for where Arab, or ‘Arab looking’ Americans have been requested to withdraw planes basically in light of the fact that their appearance was making a portion of different travelers uncomfortable. Choices with respect to what individual to recruit, which individuals will be conceded and who will be confined via air terminal security as their bag is scoured while they are attempting to get a plane depends on trademark all inclusive statements that are either recognizable or seen. Be that as it may, in any event, when speculations are measurably authentic, they can be extremely wrong specifically cases. For instance, many dark understudies are progressively arranged, academically, to enter a college than many white understudies. Racial profiling is, by anyone’s definition, a judicious strategy for segregation. While most would have concurred before September 11, 2001 that racial segregation is ethically off-base and can't be supported in any capacity whatsoever, those following the awful occasions which murdered in excess of 3000 Americans and the proceeded with danger of fear based oppression has made this training progressively agreeable and even attractive. Had the psy chological oppressors that submitted these demonstrations not been of Arab plummet, at that point the profiling of plane travelers and the across the board dread of this specific ethnic gathering would not involve conversation. Profiling Arabs is a simple offer to a nation made up

Google Maps is NOT the best.

Google Maps is NOT the best. DID YOU KNOW? Pennyslvania leads the country in mushroom production, supplying 45% of the nations mushrooms. California, in second place, provides only 18%. Sams Mom has informed me that I have a then/than error in one of my recent entries, but I am unable to find it. Well, Im not in Rome, but Ill leave you with a few thoughts of my migration southward. 1. Sure, I could accept responsibility for my own poor sense of direction, but Id rather blame Google Maps for getting me lost on the way to my grandmothers house in the middle of the night. In the words of a great man, I prefer Mapquest. 2. In my last entry, I promised to hold Anthony personally responsible if I missed my 13-minute connection in Philadelphias 30th St Station. Well, I was composing this entry in my head while my train pulled in 20 minutes late, but Amtrak was nice enough to hold the following train for the 15-or-so passengers making the connection. So, I guess I should personally thank Anthony for that. I guess I should have expected as much; last November they turned the same train around for three people. 3. Harrisburger Britney worried that Chocolate World would be closed during our visit. It was, in fact, being renovated, but the ride was open minus a few obvious set pieces, including the giant kiss-shaped mountain of Hersheys Kisses. However, this was compensated by the fact that they are in the process of introducing MOTOWN SINGING COWS to the proceedings. They asked us for our feedback on the ride (with the promise of free candy!) and I noted that the cows are, well, just a little creepy. 4. While visiting Shawna, I had the opportunity to play Guitar Hero for the first time. I believe, that possibly, maybe, I heard about somebody at MIT who had a summer internship working on this game. Based on the thirty minutes I played Guitar Hero, this person must be, by far, the coolest person at MIT. 5. I finished The World According to Garp on the train ride home and decided that maybe I should just stop finishing books altogethereverything was pretty much downhill after The First Feminist Funeral. I usually dont like the endings of books, though. 5. The Colbert Report comes on in eight minutesand Stephen Colbert is paradise enow. In the interest of full disclosure, theres one thing you should about MIT Cable know before you come to MIT: as of April 2006, youll need to live outside of the dorms if you want to regularly view The Daily Show, The Sopranos, ESPN, or 30-Minute Meals with Rachael Ray. So maybe thats not entirely a bad thing. Im taking this week to just kind of sizzle down, so I might not be up to my full blogging potential. I actually hope that the image of Rachael Ray will deter you from visiting the site. Why dont you read about Bryan? He is in Rome, you know?

The Difference Between Vice and Vise

American English makes a distinction between vice (moral depravity) and vise (a tool). However, that distinction is not made in British English, where vice is used for both senses. Definitions The noun vice means an immoral or undesirable practice. In titles (such as vice president), vice means one who acts in the place of another. The expression vice versa means conversely or the other way around. In American English, the noun vise refers to a gripping or clamping tool. As a verb, vise means to force, hold, or squeeze as if with a vise. In both cases the British spelling is vice. Examples In those days the worst vice in England was pride, I guess—the worst vice of all because folks thought it was a virtue.(Carol Ryrie Brink, Caddie Woodlawn, 1936)The vice president acted as an intermediary to resolve disputes involving two or more agencies.Animals breathe in what animals breathe out, and vice versa.(Kurt Vonnegut, Cats Cradle, 1963)American usageHe went to the end of the tool bench and cranked open the vise, then slipped a small piece of sheet metal in and clamped the vise tight.(Trent Reedy, Stealing Air, 2012)American usageSometimes Rupert defined things in a new way—love grips you like a vise, then caresses you like a silk scarf, then bangs you on the head like an anvil.(Sabina Murray, A Carnivores Inquiry, 2004)British usageAfter softening a horn by boiling it in water, he flattens it in a vice before taking his razor-sharp penknife to carve a pheasant, fox, leaping salmon, or ram’s head as decoration.(Tony Greenbank, Master of the Crookmakerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Craft. The Guardian [UK].,  May 4, 2015)British usageI had caught her in my arms, and the sting and torment of my remorse had closed them around her like a vice.(Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White, 1859) Usage Notes In American English, a vice is an immoral habit or practice, and a vise is a tool with closable jaws for clamping things. But in British English, the tool is spelled like the sin: vice.(Bryan A. Garner, Garners Modern English Usage, 4th  ed. Oxford University Press, 2016)Warren County deputies were called to investigate a shooting in Lake Luzerne, New York, on the evening of May 12, 2007. When they arrived, they found the victim, Damion Mosher, had sustained a wound in his abdomen from a 22-caliber bullet. Even though the deputies werent from the vice squad, they quickly discovered that the perpetrator was . . . a vise. Mosher had been discharging the bullets by clamping them in a steel vise, putting a screwdriver on the primer, and striking the screwdriver with a hammer so he could sell the brass shell casings for scrap (which goes for $1.70 a pound). Mosher was on his nearly hundredth bullet when he lost the final round.(Leland Gregory, Cruel and Unusual Idiots: Chronicles of Mea nness and Stupidity. Andrews McMeel, 2008) Practice (a) The problem with a lot of people is that what they think is a virtue is actually a _____ in disguise.(Kevin Dutton, The Wisdom of Psychopaths, 2012)(b) Migraines, the bane of my life, surged up; my head felt as if it were clamped in a powerful _____.(Maud Fontenoy, Challenging the Pacific: The First Woman to Row the Kon-Tiki Route, 2005)(c) What used to happen in fashion was that the pendulum would swing: if thered been short hair for a while, then it would go long, and _____  versa.(Sam McKnight, Kate Moss Hair Stylist: British People Wear Their Hair as a Tribal Badge. The Guardian [UK],  September 15, 2016) Answers (a) The problem with a lot of people is that what they think is a virtue is actually a vice in disguise.(Kevin Dutton, The Wisdom of Psychopaths, 2012)(b) Migraines, the bane of my life, surged up; my head felt as if it were clamped in a powerful (vise [US] or vice [UK]).(Maud Fontenoy, Challenging the Pacific: The First Woman to Row the Kon-Tiki Route, 2005)(c) What used to happen in fashion was that the pendulum would swing: if thered been short hair for a while, then it would go long,  and vice versa.(Sam McKnight, Kate Moss Hair Stylist: British People Wear Their Hair as a Tribal Badge.  The Guardian  [UK],  September 15, 2016)

Essay Domestic Violence Against Women A Global Epidemic

One of the most significant health and social problems affecting every society in the world today, irrespective of age, race, ethnic, socio-economic, and religious groups, is Domestic Violence against women. According to the World Health Organization (2007): Domestic violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio- economic, cultural, racial, and class distinctions. This problem is not only widely dispersed geographically, but its incidence is also extensive, making it a typical and accepted behavior. Domestic violence is widespread, deeply ingrained, and has serious impacts on women’s health and well-being. Its continued existence is morally indefensible. Its cost to†¦show more content†¦Violence against has long been widely accepted as normal behavior, something that people are so used to happening that it has become nothing to be alarmed by and often goes unrecognized and unreported. The roots of domestic violence can therefore be attributed to the cultural, traditional, legal, economic, political, and perhaps even religious beliefs, which have made this something that is perceived as being the norm. These beliefs are repeatedly commun icated through the media and other societal institutions that tolerate it, making the abuser feel such behavior is acceptable and justified, and women to feel there is shame in reporting violence, for fear of being stigmatized. Intimate partner violence is not considered a crime in many Arab countries. However, the burden of domestic violence ultimately lies on the abuser, who consciously made a decision to act in such a way. Domestic violence affects every aspect of the life of any woman that suffers from it. Physical assault leads to temporary or permanent disabilities, which become apparent over time. Women sustain injuries such as cuts, scratches, burns, bone skeletal disorders, chronic pain, and respiratory illnesses.Show MoreRelatedDomestic Marital Abuse Against Women1697 Words   |  7 PagesSilenced Cry: Domestic Marital Abuse against Women In the United States, there are about ten people who die from domestic violence every single day. The U.N identifies October as National Domestic Violence Awareness Month. What happens when ‘Home’ is not the safest place to be? Domestic abuse occurs across the world, in various cultures and affects society, irrespective of their economic status. Behaviors that are adopted by a person to control their partner in a relationship refers to domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence And Foreign Violence1251 Words   |  6 Pages Domestic Violence and Intersectionality Domestic violence, as defined by The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence is, â€Å"The willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and emotional abuse. The frequency and severity of domestic violence can vary dramatically, howeverRead MoreDomestic Violence : South Africa1709 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence in South Africa Love is looked upon as a beautiful thing but within beauty lies darkness in South Africa. 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Besides worrying about these epidemics, it also can be hard toRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Global Public Health Problem Of Epidemic Proportions, Requiring Urgent Action Essay899 Words   |  4 Pages â€Æ' Executive Summary 2 Introduction 2 Theoretical Frameworks 3 Defining Domestic Violence 5 A Brief History 6 International Comparisons 7 Discussion of Domestic Violence 9 References 10 Executive Summary This report will offer a review of Domestic Violence in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The ways in which this abuse occurs will be included as well as theoretical frameworks to aid in understanding the extent of this social problem. A review was issuedRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic abuse against women In her news article, the spokesperson for amnesty international describes domestic violence as a worldwide phenomenon that violates the human rights of female victims (Mite, 2005). 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People and social institutions cannot closeRead MoreDomestic Violence on Women in Society1730 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence on Women and girls in Society Tabinda Asghar Dow Institute of Nursing Abstract Violence alongside women and girls is a sign of previously uneven authority relations among men and women, which have led to command over and unfairness against women by men and to the avoidance of the full progression of women. These types of terrible actions against women and girls continues to be a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and wound- physically, psychologically, sexually and economicallyRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization defines violence as: â€Å"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation†. WHO has declared violence against women both a public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violence against women is of many types and has many faces. Also called Gender-based violence, public health

Nisa Critique Free Essays

Introduction: The Kung people are a tribe of hunter-gatherers who live as bushmen in the   southwestern part of Africa,   in isolated areas of Botswana (where they make up only 3 percent of the population), Angola, and Namibia, deep in the Kalahari desert. After gaining fluency in the language of the! Kung, Shostak returned to Botswana in 1975 for six months to complete the life histories of several women in the tribe. Marjorie Shostak manages to takes us into the oldest culture on earth by living with a hunter/gatherer tribe in southern Africa and manages to give us the details of there way of life through an interview with them, of course, before their way of life was further damaged by careless government administration policies. We will write a custom essay sample on Nisa Critique or any similar topic only for you Order Now She reflexively collects interviews and anecdotes that enable her to explain their morals, architecture, tribal politics, spirituality, games, marriage rituals and subsistence lifestyle, giving us one of the best looks at how human society began all those thousands of years ago. One of its major flaws especially for those with a strong understanding of anthropology is the fact that she concentrates her analysis from the report of one dominant character named NISA [the name is fictitious]. This results in a narrative of an idiosyncratic life, one that, as the !Kung woman Nisa once told Shostak, †I will break open the story and tell you what is there. Then, like the others that have fallen out into the sand, I will finish with it, and the wind will take it away†; seems to imply that each woman’s life is unique and may not reflect the truth about women’s lives in the general community of the !Kung clan, even though it truly attempts to mirror the conventions and culture of the group as well. However, from the book we are able to determine Nisa’s character as a woman who is forthcoming in personality, and unabashed and expressive in her native tongue, although she also comes across as demanding and manipulative in behavior. This presented to Shostak great problems in gaining an objective analysis, a fact that generated early ambivalent feelings towards Nisa which as she reports, did not endear Nisa to her any bit. Although Shostak tried to interview more than a dozen other women of all ages; inviting recall, asking pertinent questions and seeking bio-graphical highlights she seems to finally have settled her choice on Nisa as informant because of her   particularly forceful, colorful language, and generally truthful replies. Secondly, although   the justification of Nisa as informant is reliable, it only serves to foster the concept of authenticity in ethnographic representation. The importance of authenticity in ethnographic representation is still in doubt as portrayed in James Clifford’s   review of Edward Said’s Orientalism, Clifford asks, â€Å"Should criticism work to counter sets of culturally produced images like Orientalism with more â€Å"authentic† or more â€Å"human† representations? Or, if criticism must struggle against the procedures of representation itself, how is it to begin?’ The general consensus seems to be that authenticity is itself a representation which can be misused. For example, the purpose of the poet or novelist is creative self-expression. For the creative writer, representation is the vehicle for expression; the creative writer consciously chooses representations as representations. The writer of nonfiction, however, typically focuses on the substance of what she wishes to communicate, and often fails to realize that she uses representations when communicating her ideas hence giving rise to rhetoric. Rhetoric is the characteristic manner by which a text’s language and organization convinces its readers of the truth, but is itself not truth. Thirdly is the issue of dialogue versus monologue in ethnographic presentation. It is very apparent that Shostak’s   focus moves away from the central position of the ethnographer (implicit in ethnographic realism and explicit in Dumont’s example of the self-reflexive approach in his book The Headman and I: Ambiguity and Ambivalencein the Fieldworking Experience), and brings the importance of native informants to the foreground. â€Å"The other† is given the opportunity, albeit limited, to represent herself in Shostak’s text. Shostak’s text is also significant because it attempts to incorporate dialogue as a structural feature. Shostak demonstrates the potential usefulness of multiple voices although her ultimate control over the text makes it a monologue. The monological aspect is repeated within the text itself: there is no true discourse between Shostak’s and Nisa’s portions of the text, only alternating monologues.   However, according to Stephen A. Tyler this presents a problem in ethnographic presentation, one that is solved in a different approach which he suggest when he says, â€Å"A post-modern ethnography is a cooperatively evolved text consisting of fragments of discourse intended to evoke in the minds of both reader and writer an emergent fantasy of a possible world of commonsense reality, and thus to provoke an aesthetic integration that will have a therapeutic effect.† Tyler’s emphasizes the dialogical nature of ethnography [alternating monologues as is the case in Shostak’s work], were the discourse is between reader and writer rather than between the writer and the culture he studies. Tyler maintains that the experience which matters is not the fieldwork but the writing of the ethno graphy; the ethnographer does not attempt to represent another culture to the reader, but rather to evoke in the reader a recollection of his own culture. Ethnography is a way to make the familiar unfamiliar and then familiar again. Lastly is the authors choice of topics that evolve around the issue f sex and violence maybe justifiable if viewed from the perspective that narrative is highly charged with sex because sex is important in !Kung life. From Shostak’s   very provocative findings, such as a much more sexually egalitarian sensibility than our own, we see that in the !Kung culture, marriages are largely monogamous, with some sanction for a second wife; lovers are accepted for both husbands and wives, but discretion is made more important expressly because discovery can lead to mayhem and even murder. However, Shostak seems to get this information largely from Nisa’s own personal account. Personal accounts are   rarely written without particular motivation. Every account has some agenda. Scholars suggest that we need to always consider why the subject feels it is important to share his or her life either privately or with an anonymous public. This is because the narrator’s motivation will account for what parts of a life are discussed and what details are filtered out. What motivated the author of the personal account? Whether written or oral, a personal account is a subjective, selective account of a life recorded for a specific purpose, ranging from personal catharsis to revisionist history. There are many motivations for the creation of personal accounts, including a focus on the self, on others, or on posterity. In this particular account, were Shostak seems to have solicited the story, rather than finding the account, the scholar’s reason for seeking the personal account will probably color the nature of the questions asked. In this case, the personal account will likely reflect the scholar’s interests more than those of the subject. Hence, it can be postulated that Shostak’s interests in giving Nisa’s account was to highlight the issue of women and not entirely for ethnographic purposes. This can be evidenced by the fact that in her time all the way to date, women’s stories in the West have been increasingly considered valid testimonies, along with accounts by people of color and those outside the highest strata of socio-political influence. Therefore, although it is impossible to view history from a wholly objective position, it is still helpful to be aware of such biases. In conclusion, I believe that what Shostak should have done was to strive to consider other sources that could offer insight about the !Kung people, such as official documents (marriage, divorce, and birth records, public notices), archived newspapers (human interest stories, political coverage), and glossy magazines (regional and national views reflecting social trends of the time, setting a context). Although her learning of the language is a great achievement enabling her to establish effective communication with the subject, it serves to tell us only a fragment of the whole picture. This fact takes on a deeper gravity when we consider that the question of truth may have many answers. Nisa’s portrayal of her life is indeed accurate in her own mind. Yet we know that, after all, memory is selective: people’s responses to experiences vary and people’s memories of experiences change with time and influence. Events that happen in a person’s life between live d experiences and recording those events can shape their telling, which only confirms that truth may have many answers. Reference: THE PROBLEM OF ETHNOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION http://home.pacbell.net/nicnic/ethnographic.html#14 Shostak, Marjorie, Nisa: The Life and Words of a!Kung Woman. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press (1981). How to cite Nisa Critique, Essay examples

Sustainable Supply Chain Management Evolution And Future Directions

Question: Critically evaluate how a business can embed sustainability throughout its supply chain? Answer: Introduction Organizations are increasingly under pressure by non-governmental organizations to operate in a sustainable manner (Wolf, 2014). Examples include campaigns against Nestle (anti-deforestation), Nike (child labour), Apple (sweatshop labour) and Mattel (toxic materials) (Wolf, 2014). Pressure from stakeholders hold an organization accountable for its actions and decisions regarding its product design, sourcing, production and distribution (Wolf, 2014; Parmigiani, et al., 2011). On the other hand, as argued by Shrivastava (1995, cited in Carter and Rogers, 2008), sustainability has benefits beyond addressing stakeholder pressures, with the potential to reduce long-terms risks associated with fluctuations of energy prices, management of pollution and waste as well as product liabilities. Thus sustainability is not just a matter of being perceived as having good corporate social responsibility, but is also an essential pillar of smart management(Savitz Weber, 2006). As argued by Kevin OMarah (2007) in the Financial Times, supply chain management (SCM) has become the key to meeting the expectations of shareholders for strong profitability growth with minimum volatility, of regulators and the press for social and environmental responsibility, and of customers for delivering on promises made to them (Carter Rogers, 2008). Sustainability: Sustainable SCM (SSCM) is the strategic, transparent integration and achievement of an organizations social, environmental, and economic goals in the systemic coordination of key inter-organizational business processes for improving the long-term economic performance of the individual company and its supply chain. SSCM helps managers identify strategies for an organizations survival and success over long term horizons (e.g. up to 20 years and more)(Carter Easton, 2011). Carter and Rogers (2008) suggest that sustainability initiatives and SSCM in particular are a necessity for long-term organizational success (Carter Rogers, 2008; Carter Easton, 2011). It may be referred to as a holistic perspective of the process of supply chain as well as the technologies that goes beyond delivery, cost and inventory. The theory is based on the products and services that are socially responsible involving practices that are environment-friendly. There are many supply chain (SC) activities that permit an organization to simultaneously positively impact the environment and society as well as provide long-term economic benefits and competitive advantage to the organization (Carter Rogers, 2008). These sustainable activities can potentially result in benefits such as (Carter Rogers, 2008): Cost savings due to reduced packaging waste and the ability to design for reuse and disassembly. Reduced costs for health and safety, recruitment and employee turnover due to improved safety and working conditions. Reduced labour costs due to increased employee motivation and productivity and reduced absenteeism. Influence future government regulations, and thus potentially creating difficult to replicate competitive advantages, by proactively addressing environmental and social issues Reduced costs, shorter lead times and improved product quality associated with application of standards (such as ISO 14000) that provide a framework for environmental management systems Improved reputation with customers, suppliers, shareholders and potential employees. Organizations and businesses seeking to implement SSCM can examine their value chain for areas in which social and environmental initiatives could have the greatest economic impact (Carter Rogers, 2008; Porter Kramer, 2006), including in-bound and out-bound logistics (e.g. packaging, disposal, transportation impacts), operations issues (e.g. emissions, energy use, hazardous materials, worker safety and human rights) and after sales service (e.g. reverse logistics, including disposal and disposition). Support activities within the value chain can also be the targets of SSCM initiatives (e.g. relationships with educational institutes to develop qualified supply chain managers; asking suppliers to participate in initiatives; buying from and developing suppliers owned by racial minorities; joint planning with value chain partners to design for disassembly, reuse and recycling) (Carter Rogers, 2008). There are many examples of how an organization can apply and embed SSCM. Starbuck Coffees has partnered with farmers to grow high quality coffee in an ecologically sound manner, simultaneously stabilizing farmer wages and reducing purchasing cost by eliminating the middleman (Argenti, 2004, as cited in Carter Rogers, 2008). General Mills implemented a vertically integrated closed-loop SC to ensure a consistent supply of recycled material, simultaneously reducing the packaging for its products (Carter Rogers, 2008). Another example is Natura, a multinational of Brazilian origin operating in the cosmetics, toiletry and fragrance industry (Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Natura drives sustainable innovation by engaging it suppliers to reduce negative social and environmental impacts throughout product lifecycles (Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Natura adopted a supplier development strategy using outsourcing partnerships that reduces costs and environmental impacts by shortening transportation distances of products usually manufactured in Brazil; values important relationship concepts important to Natura, such as partnership and co-construction; and values organizations with local knowledge and good social and environmental practices(Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Natura Ekos products, for example, use technologies that reduce environmental impacts throughout the SC; use renewable raw materials whose origin can be traced to sources such as organic farming and sustainable forestation; and prioritize refills and packaging made of renewable or recycled material (Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Conclusion: Sustainable business aims at driving better values and bringing improvements at the same time. Sustainability in supply chain means reduced packaging as well as energy efficiency amidst all others. Organizations collaborate internally as well as externally and essentially all employees need to identify it and be supportive of the desired sustainable goals. It is equally vital for suppliers to know what is expected of them from the environmental standpoint. References BITC, 2009. How to: manage your supply chains responsibly, London: BITC. Carter, C. R. Easton, P. L., 2011. Sustainable supply chain management: evolution and future directions. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 41(1), pp. 46-62. Carter, C. R. Rogers, D. S., 2008. A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 38(5), pp. 360 - 387. Carvalho, A. P. d. Barbieri, J. C., 2012. Innovation and Sustainability in the Supply Chain of a Cosmetics Company: a Case Study. Journal of Technology Management Innovation, 7(2). Corbett, C. J. Klassen, R. D., 2006. 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