HRM Information Systems

HRM Information Systems Dynamic Data innovation is required to drive Human Resource (HR)s progress from an attention on Human Resource Management (HRM) to Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This key job not just adds a significant measurement to the HR work, yet additionally changes the capabilities that characterize HR expert and specialist achievement. The examination targets researching what job if any do Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) play in SHRM. It endeavors to look at how HR experts and chiefs in various associations see the impacts of HRIS on vital HR assignments and occupation jobs. It additionally attempts to see whether there is any critical distinction in the utilization of HRIS between Small/Medium (SME) size and enormous size organizations. A study survey was sent to various organizations. The objective gathering of the poll was HR chiefs, HR executives, and HR experts in organizations situated in England. The extension was broadened to incorporate both enormous and little/medium estimated associations over all the business divisions. The aftereffects of the review uncover that HR experts not just consider HRIS use as a help for key HR assignments yet in addition see it as an empowering innovation. The examination likewise demonstrates that huge measured firms are well on the way to encounter significant HRIS utilization on the side of key HR undertakings. Also, there was no huge contrast in relation to the size of an organization in regards to HRIS utilization on the side of responsibility the board and overseeing worker's organization relations with associations. Low reaction pace of this investigation makes speculation rather troublesome be that as it may, future exploration would profit by higher reaction rates for progressively summed up results Outline The connection between the HR techniques and the organizations execution is an issue that has caused noteworthy separations in the writing for the most part in view of the presence of numerous boundaries that can impact the outcomes created through the assessment of this issue practically speaking. In addition, in light of the fact that inside a firm, the members and the premiums are numerous it is hard to recognize the job and the hugeness of every specific authoritative component especially when there is no particular corporate arrangement for such an examination. Exploration PROBLEM The HR techniques followed by current associations present critical separations as per the organizations position in the market, its exhibition and its money related quality all in all. In the long haul, the utilization of explicit HR systems has been seen as related with the presentation of the association. In addition, where suitable HR plans have been applied, the hierarchical presentation has been seen as expanded. Points AND OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH Flow research as of now referenced above will concentrate on the assessment of the connection between HR methodologies applied inside a specific association and its exhibition. All together for the above errand to prompt substantial outcomes, a progression of different issues will be analyzed at an optional level. These issues are demonstratively: a) Which is the noteworthiness of the HR for the authoritative activity, b) How the HR techniques can be increasingly powerful? c) Is there any possibility for advancement in firms with explicit HR plan or any applicable activity must be adjusted to the existed system? d) Which are the principle parts of hierarchical development and e) Are there whatever other elements that can impact the organizations execution and which would be their connection with the HR techniques previously actualized in the specific firm? Impediments OF THE RESEARCH Ebb and flow research is constrained by the way that it is somewhat far-fetched for organizations to furnish information related with their representatives issues related with the working environment. Then again, any projects or bolster instruments existed are probably going to be given by all organizations that would be occupied with the examination of current undertaking. Consequently, in spite of the fact that the activity fulfillment and the self-improvement of representatives would be fairly effortlessly checked, the presence of issues in the work environment would be hard to be demonstrated. Therefore momentum research as effectively depicted above spotlights on the assessment of the HR techniques followed by associations when all is said in done as these practices can be seen in many firms of present day business showcase. The presence of explicit separations as per the particular issue should be demonstrated either by measurements discharged by and large or by cases analyzed especially in the lawful zone. Presentation As indicated by Likert, Every part of firms exercises is dictated by the skill, inspiration and general adequacy of its human association. Of the considerable number of assignments of the executives, dealing with the human part is the focal and most significant errand since all depends how well it is finished. This citation summarizes the significance of human parts in an association and the requirement for overseeing it adequately. Human asset the board is worried about all parts of dealing with the HR of an association. All the more explicitly, human asset the executives includes deciding the associations notice of human asset, enlisting and choosing the best accessible representatives, creating, advising and compensating workers, going about as a contact with association and government association and taking care of different issues in regards to the prosperity of workers. Every one of these capacities is important somewhat regardless of nature and size of the association. That is the reason in the vast majority of the association a different division know as Personnel/Human asset Department is made for the viable execution of these capacities. The connection between the HR procedures and the organizations execution is an issue that has caused critical separations in the writing for the most part as a result of the presence of numerous boundaries that can impact the outcomes delivered through the assessment of this issue practically speaking. Also, in light of the fact that inside a firm, the members and the premiums are numerous it is hard to distinguish the job and the hugeness of every specific authoritative component especially when there is no particular corporate arrangement for such an examination. Association must have a lot of one of a kind assets for increasing upper hand in addition appropriate use of those assets matters a ton. Today association representative goes about as a principle asset and information, aptitudes and capacities must be conveyed and used to the greatest impact if the association is to make esteem. Writing REVIEW HR ought to be considered as a noteworthy authoritative resource. In this unique situation, the utilization of the suitable methodologies for its turn of events, can prompt the improvement of the corporate presentation both in the short and the long haul. In any case, there are additionally organizations where HR are not considered as having specific significance for the organizations development. In this specific situation, Haines (1997, 95) bolstered that there are firms that see their HR as a cost as opposed to a benefit a component that is disposable and maybe disposed of when the abilities had gets old; anyway when HR are seen as an advantage, organizations improve singular incentive through preparing and human turn of events and guarantee proceeded with commitment to the association. The significance of HR for the corporate presentation has regardless demonstrated both in the writing and the exact examination directed in every mechanical area. As per the abovementioned, all tog ether for a firm to accomplish a steady and consistent development, it is fundamental that its representatives are fulfilled as this term has been clarified in the writing. All the more explicitly, as per Kim (2005, 669) work fulfillment is a full of feeling or enthusiastic reaction toward different features of ones occupation. Employment fulfillment has been a subject of incredible enthusiasm for specialists and experts in a wide scope of fields, including authoritative brain research, open organization, and the executives. Then again, the presence of occupation fulfillment has been widely related with the degree of installment of workers in the specific parts of a particular association. Without a doubt, the investigation of Rudman (2003) indicated that paying for execution is a major issue in contemporary HR the executives; associations have since quite a while ago accepted that creation and profitability improve when pay is connected to execution, and have created installment by -results (PBR) frameworks and motivator plans to help this conviction. In a similar setting, it is seen by Blinder (1990, 117) that representatives as a rule feel that benefit sharing and increase sharing are useful for individual exertion, organization development and efficiency, and working environment climate. In any case, all together for the organizations to accomplish the most extreme degree of development, it is important to structure and apply the proper HR arrangements as showed by every specific firms needs. The utilization of fit as a standard of assessment of the fitting corporate procedure has been broadly utilized by and by. Towards this course Wright (1998, 56) referenced that the fundamental hypothesis behind fit is that the adequacy of any HR practice or set of practices for affecting firm execution relies on the organizations procedure (or on the other hand, the viability of any methodology relies on having the correct HR rehearses). At the end of the day, the issues that should be considered by a firm before applying any pertinent HR system are many. Characteristically, Katzell (1975, 5, 11-12) attempted to recognize the connection between the representative fulfillment (because of a particular HR procedure) and the corporate presentation and found that approach producers m ust face up to a genuine situation and discover some approach to determine it; the issue is this: arrangement creators might want to accomplish two targets for work associations, from one viewpoint to

Racial Profiling Goes Beyond Black and White by Polakow-Suransky, Essay

Racial Profiling Goes Beyond Black and White by Polakow-Suransky, (Pages.200-205) - Essay Example rican Americans, particularly youthful guys, are almost certain than are whites to be associated with the commission of a crime.â Racial profiling is unlawful however police are permitted to stop and search drivers on the off chance that they have motivation to accept that individual might be in control of medications or weapons so in this way, this training proceeds. Since September 11, 2001, law authorization offices around the nation are rehearsing another sort of racial profiling which has the endorsement of most all residents. It is alluded to as ‘flying while Arab.’ â€Å"In the post-September 11 atmosphere, ‘driving while black’ has become ‘flying while brown’† (204). Numerous cases have been accounted for where Arab, or ‘Arab looking’ Americans have been requested to withdraw planes basically in light of the fact that their appearance was making a portion of different travelers uncomfortable. Choices with respect to what individual to recruit, which individuals will be conceded and who will be confined via air terminal security as their bag is scoured while they are attempting to get a plane depends on trademark all inclusive statements that are either recognizable or seen. Be that as it may, in any event, when speculations are measurably authentic, they can be extremely wrong specifically cases. For instance, many dark understudies are progressively arranged, academically, to enter a college than many white understudies. Racial profiling is, by anyone’s definition, a judicious strategy for segregation. While most would have concurred before September 11, 2001 that racial segregation is ethically off-base and can't be supported in any capacity whatsoever, those following the awful occasions which murdered in excess of 3000 Americans and the proceeded with danger of fear based oppression has made this training progressively agreeable and even attractive. Had the psy chological oppressors that submitted these demonstrations not been of Arab plummet, at that point the profiling of plane travelers and the across the board dread of this specific ethnic gathering would not involve conversation. Profiling Arabs is a simple offer to a nation made up

Google Maps is NOT the best.

Google Maps is NOT the best. DID YOU KNOW? Pennyslvania leads the country in mushroom production, supplying 45% of the nations mushrooms. California, in second place, provides only 18%. Sams Mom has informed me that I have a then/than error in one of my recent entries, but I am unable to find it. Well, Im not in Rome, but Ill leave you with a few thoughts of my migration southward. 1. Sure, I could accept responsibility for my own poor sense of direction, but Id rather blame Google Maps for getting me lost on the way to my grandmothers house in the middle of the night. In the words of a great man, I prefer Mapquest. 2. In my last entry, I promised to hold Anthony personally responsible if I missed my 13-minute connection in Philadelphias 30th St Station. Well, I was composing this entry in my head while my train pulled in 20 minutes late, but Amtrak was nice enough to hold the following train for the 15-or-so passengers making the connection. So, I guess I should personally thank Anthony for that. I guess I should have expected as much; last November they turned the same train around for three people. 3. Harrisburger Britney worried that Chocolate World would be closed during our visit. It was, in fact, being renovated, but the ride was open minus a few obvious set pieces, including the giant kiss-shaped mountain of Hersheys Kisses. However, this was compensated by the fact that they are in the process of introducing MOTOWN SINGING COWS to the proceedings. They asked us for our feedback on the ride (with the promise of free candy!) and I noted that the cows are, well, just a little creepy. 4. While visiting Shawna, I had the opportunity to play Guitar Hero for the first time. I believe, that possibly, maybe, I heard about somebody at MIT who had a summer internship working on this game. Based on the thirty minutes I played Guitar Hero, this person must be, by far, the coolest person at MIT. 5. I finished The World According to Garp on the train ride home and decided that maybe I should just stop finishing books altogethereverything was pretty much downhill after The First Feminist Funeral. I usually dont like the endings of books, though. 5. The Colbert Report comes on in eight minutesand Stephen Colbert is paradise enow. In the interest of full disclosure, theres one thing you should about MIT Cable know before you come to MIT: as of April 2006, youll need to live outside of the dorms if you want to regularly view The Daily Show, The Sopranos, ESPN, or 30-Minute Meals with Rachael Ray. So maybe thats not entirely a bad thing. Im taking this week to just kind of sizzle down, so I might not be up to my full blogging potential. I actually hope that the image of Rachael Ray will deter you from visiting the site. Why dont you read about Bryan? He is in Rome, you know?

The Difference Between Vice and Vise

American English makes a distinction between vice (moral depravity) and vise (a tool). However, that distinction is not made in British English, where vice is used for both senses. Definitions The noun vice means an immoral or undesirable practice. In titles (such as vice president), vice means one who acts in the place of another. The expression vice versa means conversely or the other way around. In American English, the noun vise refers to a gripping or clamping tool. As a verb, vise means to force, hold, or squeeze as if with a vise. In both cases the British spelling is vice. Examples In those days the worst vice in England was pride, I guess—the worst vice of all because folks thought it was a virtue.(Carol Ryrie Brink, Caddie Woodlawn, 1936)The vice president acted as an intermediary to resolve disputes involving two or more agencies.Animals breathe in what animals breathe out, and vice versa.(Kurt Vonnegut, Cats Cradle, 1963)American usageHe went to the end of the tool bench and cranked open the vise, then slipped a small piece of sheet metal in and clamped the vise tight.(Trent Reedy, Stealing Air, 2012)American usageSometimes Rupert defined things in a new way—love grips you like a vise, then caresses you like a silk scarf, then bangs you on the head like an anvil.(Sabina Murray, A Carnivores Inquiry, 2004)British usageAfter softening a horn by boiling it in water, he flattens it in a vice before taking his razor-sharp penknife to carve a pheasant, fox, leaping salmon, or ram’s head as decoration.(Tony Greenbank, Master of the Crookmakerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Craft. The Guardian [UK].,  May 4, 2015)British usageI had caught her in my arms, and the sting and torment of my remorse had closed them around her like a vice.(Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White, 1859) Usage Notes In American English, a vice is an immoral habit or practice, and a vise is a tool with closable jaws for clamping things. But in British English, the tool is spelled like the sin: vice.(Bryan A. Garner, Garners Modern English Usage, 4th  ed. Oxford University Press, 2016)Warren County deputies were called to investigate a shooting in Lake Luzerne, New York, on the evening of May 12, 2007. When they arrived, they found the victim, Damion Mosher, had sustained a wound in his abdomen from a 22-caliber bullet. Even though the deputies werent from the vice squad, they quickly discovered that the perpetrator was . . . a vise. Mosher had been discharging the bullets by clamping them in a steel vise, putting a screwdriver on the primer, and striking the screwdriver with a hammer so he could sell the brass shell casings for scrap (which goes for $1.70 a pound). Mosher was on his nearly hundredth bullet when he lost the final round.(Leland Gregory, Cruel and Unusual Idiots: Chronicles of Mea nness and Stupidity. Andrews McMeel, 2008) Practice (a) The problem with a lot of people is that what they think is a virtue is actually a _____ in disguise.(Kevin Dutton, The Wisdom of Psychopaths, 2012)(b) Migraines, the bane of my life, surged up; my head felt as if it were clamped in a powerful _____.(Maud Fontenoy, Challenging the Pacific: The First Woman to Row the Kon-Tiki Route, 2005)(c) What used to happen in fashion was that the pendulum would swing: if thered been short hair for a while, then it would go long, and _____  versa.(Sam McKnight, Kate Moss Hair Stylist: British People Wear Their Hair as a Tribal Badge. The Guardian [UK],  September 15, 2016) Answers (a) The problem with a lot of people is that what they think is a virtue is actually a vice in disguise.(Kevin Dutton, The Wisdom of Psychopaths, 2012)(b) Migraines, the bane of my life, surged up; my head felt as if it were clamped in a powerful (vise [US] or vice [UK]).(Maud Fontenoy, Challenging the Pacific: The First Woman to Row the Kon-Tiki Route, 2005)(c) What used to happen in fashion was that the pendulum would swing: if thered been short hair for a while, then it would go long,  and vice versa.(Sam McKnight, Kate Moss Hair Stylist: British People Wear Their Hair as a Tribal Badge.  The Guardian  [UK],  September 15, 2016)

Essay Domestic Violence Against Women A Global Epidemic

One of the most significant health and social problems affecting every society in the world today, irrespective of age, race, ethnic, socio-economic, and religious groups, is Domestic Violence against women. According to the World Health Organization (2007): Domestic violence is a global issue reaching across national boundaries as well as socio- economic, cultural, racial, and class distinctions. This problem is not only widely dispersed geographically, but its incidence is also extensive, making it a typical and accepted behavior. Domestic violence is widespread, deeply ingrained, and has serious impacts on women’s health and well-being. Its continued existence is morally indefensible. Its cost to†¦show more content†¦Violence against has long been widely accepted as normal behavior, something that people are so used to happening that it has become nothing to be alarmed by and often goes unrecognized and unreported. The roots of domestic violence can therefore be attributed to the cultural, traditional, legal, economic, political, and perhaps even religious beliefs, which have made this something that is perceived as being the norm. These beliefs are repeatedly commun icated through the media and other societal institutions that tolerate it, making the abuser feel such behavior is acceptable and justified, and women to feel there is shame in reporting violence, for fear of being stigmatized. Intimate partner violence is not considered a crime in many Arab countries. However, the burden of domestic violence ultimately lies on the abuser, who consciously made a decision to act in such a way. Domestic violence affects every aspect of the life of any woman that suffers from it. Physical assault leads to temporary or permanent disabilities, which become apparent over time. Women sustain injuries such as cuts, scratches, burns, bone skeletal disorders, chronic pain, and respiratory illnesses.Show MoreRelatedDomestic Marital Abuse Against Women1697 Words   |  7 PagesSilenced Cry: Domestic Marital Abuse against Women In the United States, there are about ten people who die from domestic violence every single day. The U.N identifies October as National Domestic Violence Awareness Month. What happens when ‘Home’ is not the safest place to be? Domestic abuse occurs across the world, in various cultures and affects society, irrespective of their economic status. Behaviors that are adopted by a person to control their partner in a relationship refers to domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence And Foreign Violence1251 Words   |  6 Pages Domestic Violence and Intersectionality Domestic violence, as defined by The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence is, â€Å"The willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior as part of a systematic pattern of power and control perpetrated by one intimate partner against another. It includes physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and emotional abuse. The frequency and severity of domestic violence can vary dramatically, howeverRead MoreDomestic Violence : South Africa1709 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence in South Africa Love is looked upon as a beautiful thing but within beauty lies darkness in South Africa. 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Besides worrying about these epidemics, it also can be hard toRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Global Public Health Problem Of Epidemic Proportions, Requiring Urgent Action Essay899 Words   |  4 Pages â€Æ' Executive Summary 2 Introduction 2 Theoretical Frameworks 3 Defining Domestic Violence 5 A Brief History 6 International Comparisons 7 Discussion of Domestic Violence 9 References 10 Executive Summary This report will offer a review of Domestic Violence in Aotearoa/New Zealand. The ways in which this abuse occurs will be included as well as theoretical frameworks to aid in understanding the extent of this social problem. A review was issuedRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic abuse against women In her news article, the spokesperson for amnesty international describes domestic violence as a worldwide phenomenon that violates the human rights of female victims (Mite, 2005). 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People and social institutions cannot closeRead MoreDomestic Violence on Women in Society1730 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence on Women and girls in Society Tabinda Asghar Dow Institute of Nursing Abstract Violence alongside women and girls is a sign of previously uneven authority relations among men and women, which have led to command over and unfairness against women by men and to the avoidance of the full progression of women. These types of terrible actions against women and girls continues to be a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and wound- physically, psychologically, sexually and economicallyRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay1691 Words   |  7 PagesOrganization defines violence as: â€Å"The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, mal-development or deprivation†. WHO has declared violence against women both a public health problem and a violation of human rights. Violence against women is of many types and has many faces. Also called Gender-based violence, public health

Nisa Critique Free Essays

Introduction: The Kung people are a tribe of hunter-gatherers who live as bushmen in the   southwestern part of Africa,   in isolated areas of Botswana (where they make up only 3 percent of the population), Angola, and Namibia, deep in the Kalahari desert. After gaining fluency in the language of the! Kung, Shostak returned to Botswana in 1975 for six months to complete the life histories of several women in the tribe. Marjorie Shostak manages to takes us into the oldest culture on earth by living with a hunter/gatherer tribe in southern Africa and manages to give us the details of there way of life through an interview with them, of course, before their way of life was further damaged by careless government administration policies. We will write a custom essay sample on Nisa Critique or any similar topic only for you Order Now She reflexively collects interviews and anecdotes that enable her to explain their morals, architecture, tribal politics, spirituality, games, marriage rituals and subsistence lifestyle, giving us one of the best looks at how human society began all those thousands of years ago. One of its major flaws especially for those with a strong understanding of anthropology is the fact that she concentrates her analysis from the report of one dominant character named NISA [the name is fictitious]. This results in a narrative of an idiosyncratic life, one that, as the !Kung woman Nisa once told Shostak, †I will break open the story and tell you what is there. Then, like the others that have fallen out into the sand, I will finish with it, and the wind will take it away†; seems to imply that each woman’s life is unique and may not reflect the truth about women’s lives in the general community of the !Kung clan, even though it truly attempts to mirror the conventions and culture of the group as well. However, from the book we are able to determine Nisa’s character as a woman who is forthcoming in personality, and unabashed and expressive in her native tongue, although she also comes across as demanding and manipulative in behavior. This presented to Shostak great problems in gaining an objective analysis, a fact that generated early ambivalent feelings towards Nisa which as she reports, did not endear Nisa to her any bit. Although Shostak tried to interview more than a dozen other women of all ages; inviting recall, asking pertinent questions and seeking bio-graphical highlights she seems to finally have settled her choice on Nisa as informant because of her   particularly forceful, colorful language, and generally truthful replies. Secondly, although   the justification of Nisa as informant is reliable, it only serves to foster the concept of authenticity in ethnographic representation. The importance of authenticity in ethnographic representation is still in doubt as portrayed in James Clifford’s   review of Edward Said’s Orientalism, Clifford asks, â€Å"Should criticism work to counter sets of culturally produced images like Orientalism with more â€Å"authentic† or more â€Å"human† representations? Or, if criticism must struggle against the procedures of representation itself, how is it to begin?’ The general consensus seems to be that authenticity is itself a representation which can be misused. For example, the purpose of the poet or novelist is creative self-expression. For the creative writer, representation is the vehicle for expression; the creative writer consciously chooses representations as representations. The writer of nonfiction, however, typically focuses on the substance of what she wishes to communicate, and often fails to realize that she uses representations when communicating her ideas hence giving rise to rhetoric. Rhetoric is the characteristic manner by which a text’s language and organization convinces its readers of the truth, but is itself not truth. Thirdly is the issue of dialogue versus monologue in ethnographic presentation. It is very apparent that Shostak’s   focus moves away from the central position of the ethnographer (implicit in ethnographic realism and explicit in Dumont’s example of the self-reflexive approach in his book The Headman and I: Ambiguity and Ambivalencein the Fieldworking Experience), and brings the importance of native informants to the foreground. â€Å"The other† is given the opportunity, albeit limited, to represent herself in Shostak’s text. Shostak’s text is also significant because it attempts to incorporate dialogue as a structural feature. Shostak demonstrates the potential usefulness of multiple voices although her ultimate control over the text makes it a monologue. The monological aspect is repeated within the text itself: there is no true discourse between Shostak’s and Nisa’s portions of the text, only alternating monologues.   However, according to Stephen A. Tyler this presents a problem in ethnographic presentation, one that is solved in a different approach which he suggest when he says, â€Å"A post-modern ethnography is a cooperatively evolved text consisting of fragments of discourse intended to evoke in the minds of both reader and writer an emergent fantasy of a possible world of commonsense reality, and thus to provoke an aesthetic integration that will have a therapeutic effect.† Tyler’s emphasizes the dialogical nature of ethnography [alternating monologues as is the case in Shostak’s work], were the discourse is between reader and writer rather than between the writer and the culture he studies. Tyler maintains that the experience which matters is not the fieldwork but the writing of the ethno graphy; the ethnographer does not attempt to represent another culture to the reader, but rather to evoke in the reader a recollection of his own culture. Ethnography is a way to make the familiar unfamiliar and then familiar again. Lastly is the authors choice of topics that evolve around the issue f sex and violence maybe justifiable if viewed from the perspective that narrative is highly charged with sex because sex is important in !Kung life. From Shostak’s   very provocative findings, such as a much more sexually egalitarian sensibility than our own, we see that in the !Kung culture, marriages are largely monogamous, with some sanction for a second wife; lovers are accepted for both husbands and wives, but discretion is made more important expressly because discovery can lead to mayhem and even murder. However, Shostak seems to get this information largely from Nisa’s own personal account. Personal accounts are   rarely written without particular motivation. Every account has some agenda. Scholars suggest that we need to always consider why the subject feels it is important to share his or her life either privately or with an anonymous public. This is because the narrator’s motivation will account for what parts of a life are discussed and what details are filtered out. What motivated the author of the personal account? Whether written or oral, a personal account is a subjective, selective account of a life recorded for a specific purpose, ranging from personal catharsis to revisionist history. There are many motivations for the creation of personal accounts, including a focus on the self, on others, or on posterity. In this particular account, were Shostak seems to have solicited the story, rather than finding the account, the scholar’s reason for seeking the personal account will probably color the nature of the questions asked. In this case, the personal account will likely reflect the scholar’s interests more than those of the subject. Hence, it can be postulated that Shostak’s interests in giving Nisa’s account was to highlight the issue of women and not entirely for ethnographic purposes. This can be evidenced by the fact that in her time all the way to date, women’s stories in the West have been increasingly considered valid testimonies, along with accounts by people of color and those outside the highest strata of socio-political influence. Therefore, although it is impossible to view history from a wholly objective position, it is still helpful to be aware of such biases. In conclusion, I believe that what Shostak should have done was to strive to consider other sources that could offer insight about the !Kung people, such as official documents (marriage, divorce, and birth records, public notices), archived newspapers (human interest stories, political coverage), and glossy magazines (regional and national views reflecting social trends of the time, setting a context). Although her learning of the language is a great achievement enabling her to establish effective communication with the subject, it serves to tell us only a fragment of the whole picture. This fact takes on a deeper gravity when we consider that the question of truth may have many answers. Nisa’s portrayal of her life is indeed accurate in her own mind. Yet we know that, after all, memory is selective: people’s responses to experiences vary and people’s memories of experiences change with time and influence. Events that happen in a person’s life between live d experiences and recording those events can shape their telling, which only confirms that truth may have many answers. Reference: THE PROBLEM OF ETHNOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION http://home.pacbell.net/nicnic/ethnographic.html#14 Shostak, Marjorie, Nisa: The Life and Words of a!Kung Woman. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press (1981). How to cite Nisa Critique, Essay examples

Sustainable Supply Chain Management Evolution And Future Directions

Question: Critically evaluate how a business can embed sustainability throughout its supply chain? Answer: Introduction Organizations are increasingly under pressure by non-governmental organizations to operate in a sustainable manner (Wolf, 2014). Examples include campaigns against Nestle (anti-deforestation), Nike (child labour), Apple (sweatshop labour) and Mattel (toxic materials) (Wolf, 2014). Pressure from stakeholders hold an organization accountable for its actions and decisions regarding its product design, sourcing, production and distribution (Wolf, 2014; Parmigiani, et al., 2011). On the other hand, as argued by Shrivastava (1995, cited in Carter and Rogers, 2008), sustainability has benefits beyond addressing stakeholder pressures, with the potential to reduce long-terms risks associated with fluctuations of energy prices, management of pollution and waste as well as product liabilities. Thus sustainability is not just a matter of being perceived as having good corporate social responsibility, but is also an essential pillar of smart management(Savitz Weber, 2006). As argued by Kevin OMarah (2007) in the Financial Times, supply chain management (SCM) has become the key to meeting the expectations of shareholders for strong profitability growth with minimum volatility, of regulators and the press for social and environmental responsibility, and of customers for delivering on promises made to them (Carter Rogers, 2008). Sustainability: Sustainable SCM (SSCM) is the strategic, transparent integration and achievement of an organizations social, environmental, and economic goals in the systemic coordination of key inter-organizational business processes for improving the long-term economic performance of the individual company and its supply chain. SSCM helps managers identify strategies for an organizations survival and success over long term horizons (e.g. up to 20 years and more)(Carter Easton, 2011). Carter and Rogers (2008) suggest that sustainability initiatives and SSCM in particular are a necessity for long-term organizational success (Carter Rogers, 2008; Carter Easton, 2011). It may be referred to as a holistic perspective of the process of supply chain as well as the technologies that goes beyond delivery, cost and inventory. The theory is based on the products and services that are socially responsible involving practices that are environment-friendly. There are many supply chain (SC) activities that permit an organization to simultaneously positively impact the environment and society as well as provide long-term economic benefits and competitive advantage to the organization (Carter Rogers, 2008). These sustainable activities can potentially result in benefits such as (Carter Rogers, 2008): Cost savings due to reduced packaging waste and the ability to design for reuse and disassembly. Reduced costs for health and safety, recruitment and employee turnover due to improved safety and working conditions. Reduced labour costs due to increased employee motivation and productivity and reduced absenteeism. Influence future government regulations, and thus potentially creating difficult to replicate competitive advantages, by proactively addressing environmental and social issues Reduced costs, shorter lead times and improved product quality associated with application of standards (such as ISO 14000) that provide a framework for environmental management systems Improved reputation with customers, suppliers, shareholders and potential employees. Organizations and businesses seeking to implement SSCM can examine their value chain for areas in which social and environmental initiatives could have the greatest economic impact (Carter Rogers, 2008; Porter Kramer, 2006), including in-bound and out-bound logistics (e.g. packaging, disposal, transportation impacts), operations issues (e.g. emissions, energy use, hazardous materials, worker safety and human rights) and after sales service (e.g. reverse logistics, including disposal and disposition). Support activities within the value chain can also be the targets of SSCM initiatives (e.g. relationships with educational institutes to develop qualified supply chain managers; asking suppliers to participate in initiatives; buying from and developing suppliers owned by racial minorities; joint planning with value chain partners to design for disassembly, reuse and recycling) (Carter Rogers, 2008). There are many examples of how an organization can apply and embed SSCM. Starbuck Coffees has partnered with farmers to grow high quality coffee in an ecologically sound manner, simultaneously stabilizing farmer wages and reducing purchasing cost by eliminating the middleman (Argenti, 2004, as cited in Carter Rogers, 2008). General Mills implemented a vertically integrated closed-loop SC to ensure a consistent supply of recycled material, simultaneously reducing the packaging for its products (Carter Rogers, 2008). Another example is Natura, a multinational of Brazilian origin operating in the cosmetics, toiletry and fragrance industry (Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Natura drives sustainable innovation by engaging it suppliers to reduce negative social and environmental impacts throughout product lifecycles (Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Natura adopted a supplier development strategy using outsourcing partnerships that reduces costs and environmental impacts by shortening transportation distances of products usually manufactured in Brazil; values important relationship concepts important to Natura, such as partnership and co-construction; and values organizations with local knowledge and good social and environmental practices(Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Natura Ekos products, for example, use technologies that reduce environmental impacts throughout the SC; use renewable raw materials whose origin can be traced to sources such as organic farming and sustainable forestation; and prioritize refills and packaging made of renewable or recycled material (Carvalho Barbieri, 2012). Conclusion: Sustainable business aims at driving better values and bringing improvements at the same time. Sustainability in supply chain means reduced packaging as well as energy efficiency amidst all others. Organizations collaborate internally as well as externally and essentially all employees need to identify it and be supportive of the desired sustainable goals. It is equally vital for suppliers to know what is expected of them from the environmental standpoint. References BITC, 2009. How to: manage your supply chains responsibly, London: BITC. Carter, C. R. Easton, P. L., 2011. Sustainable supply chain management: evolution and future directions. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 41(1), pp. 46-62. Carter, C. R. Rogers, D. S., 2008. A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 38(5), pp. 360 - 387. Carvalho, A. P. d. Barbieri, J. C., 2012. Innovation and Sustainability in the Supply Chain of a Cosmetics Company: a Case Study. Journal of Technology Management Innovation, 7(2). Corbett, C. J. Klassen, R. D., 2006. Extending the horizons: Environmental excellence as key to improving operations. Manufacturing Service Operations Management, 8(11), p. 522. Hoffman, A. Bazerman, M., 2005. Changing environmental practice: understanding and overcoming the organizational and psychological barriers. Harvard Business School Working Paper, Issue 05-043. OMarah, K., 2007. Opinion: lessons from 25 supply chain leaders. Financial Times, 10 December. Parmigiani, A., Klassen, R. D. Russo, M. V., 2011. Efficiency meets accountability: Performance implications of supply chain configuration, control, and capabilities. Journal of Operations Management, 29(3), p. 212223.

The Trends of Courtesy in Different Parts of the World

This article is discussing the trends of courtesy in different parts of the world, and the author examines how humans around the world are cultured (where courtesy is concerned). This is because the article investigates contexts in which courtesy should be shown by people to other people.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Trends of Courtesy in Different Parts of the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main point of this passage is informing people about courtesy in the world. Courtesy is shown more in developed countries than in developing countries. For instance, courtesy is high in America and Europe as compared to Asia and Africa. This passage is organized such that it has an introduction and development of the argument. The passage starts by citing some situations that courtesy is required. Therefore, the reader develops a clue of what will be discussed. The lady in Mexico does not hold open th e door, the sales attendant in Seoul thanks the buyer and a young lady in Toronto stops to help a lady pick her papers. This passage is written such that the tone calls a person to be courteous. The purpose of the passage is to get people to understand the importance of courtesy and act on areas that need one to be courteous. The writer takes a global point of view to show that courtesy should not be restricted to some places only. Courtesy is very important as it makes people live in harmony. The trends of courtesy in a given society affect the courtesy of other people since people follow the norms of the society. Therefore, if people from a certain society are not courteous, the next generation will also not be courteous. This article is very informative. Reading this article will make a person conscious of the importance of courtesy in the world. It will also make a person predict the reception of the people where that person wishes to visit. This book review on The Trends of Courtesy in Different Parts of the World was written and submitted by user Tianna N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Learning Mandarin Chinese

Learning Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese is a difficult language to learn, especially given its unintuitive pronunciations and use of characters rather than an alphabet system. Learning Chinese can be a daunting idea, and often many beginner students dont know where to start. If you are feeling overwhelmed, this guide can give you the basic building blocks of Chinese grammar, introductory vocabulary, and pronunciation tips to help you build a foundation in Chinese. Be sure to click on hyperlinked text to access each lesson. The 4 Mandarin Tones Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language. Meaning, the way a syllable is pronounced in terms of sound and tone changes its meaning. For example, the syllable ma can mean horse, mother, scold, or hemp depending on which tone is used. Mastery of the four  Mandarin tones  is the essential first step to  learning this language. The  four Mandarin tones  are high and level, rising, falling then rising, and falling. You must be able to pronounce  and  understand the Mandarin Tones.   Once you have learned the tones, you can start learning new vocabulary and phrases while learning pinyin Romanization. Reading and writing Chinese characters is the last step. Mandarin Pronunciation Guide There are 37 unique sounds in Mandarin Chinese, which consist of 21 consonants and 16 vowels. Through a myriad of combinations, around 420 different syllables can be produced and are used in the Chinese language.   Lets take the Chinese word for often as an example. The character  Ã¥ ¸ ¸ is pronounced as chng, which is a combination of the sounds ch and ang.   The sound  chart in this guide has audio files of all 37 sounds along with their Pinyin spellings. Pinyin Romanization Pinyin  is a way to write Chinese using the Roman (Western) alphabet. It is the most common of many forms of  Romanization, and is used in most teaching materials particularly for Western students learning Chinese. Pinyin allows beginner  Mandarin  students to read and write Chinese without using Chinese characters. This allows students to concentrate on spoken Mandarin before tackling the formidable task of  learning Chinese characters.   Because pinyin has many pronunciations  which are unintuitive to English speakers, it is necessary to study the pinyin system to avoid pronunciation errors.   Introduction to PinyinPinyin Pronunciation Essential Vocabulary Of course, there is a seemingly endless of vocabulary words to learn. Ease yourself in by starting with some of the most commonly used, everyday Chinese words. In order to refer to people in a conversation, you will need to know Mandarin pronouns. This is the equivalent to terms like I, you, he, she, they, we.  Mandarin words for colors  is also elementary vocabulary that can be easily learned. As you see different colors in your everyday life, try and remember the Chinese word for it.   Understanding Mandarin numbers  is also a good place to start. After you have mastered reading, writing, and pronouncing numbers, learning  calendar terms  (such as days  in  the week and months) and how to  tell time  will be easier.   Conversation Topics As you progress in your mastery of Mandarin, you will be able to have conversations. These lessons will prepare you for conversing about particular topics. All conversations start with a greeting. Learn Mandarin greetings  to be able to say hello or good afternoon! In introducing yourself, common questions might be where are you from? or where do you live? This handy list of  Mandarin names for North American cities  can help you respond. Many social events and get-togethers happen at restaurants. Learning  food vocabulary  and  restaurant vocabulary  can be helpful so that you know what to order or how to ask for help if you need another pair of chopsticks. If you are traveling in a Chinese-speaking country, you may be staying in a hotel or have to deal with banking in terms of withdrawing money, exchanging money, and so on. These  hotel vocabulary  and  banking vocabulary  lessons can be a good addition. Mandarin Grammar Mandarin Chinese grammar is very different from English and other Western languages. The first step is learning basic  Mandarin sentence Structures. For a beginner-level Mandarin student, it is also important to know how to  ask questions in Chinese  because asking questions is the best way to learn about a language and a culture. Particularly helpful questions to know include how do you say X in Chinese? or what does this idiom mean?  Ã‚   An interesting difference between English and Chinese is the use of  Mandarin measure words. For instance, in English one would say a piece of paper or a loaf of bread. In these examples, piece and loaf are measure words for the nouns paper and bread. In Chinese, there are many more measure words. Reading and Writing Chinese Characters Chinese characters  are the hardest part of learning Mandarin. There are over 50,000 Chinese characters, and a dictionary will typically list 20,000 characters. An educated Chinese person will know around 8,000 characters. And to read a newspaper you must learn about 2,000 to read a newspaper. The point is, there are a lot of characters! While the only way to really learn characters is to memorize them, knowing character  radicals  can give you some hints too. Engaging with beginner-level  Chinese text and books  can be a great way to practice. If you want to practice by writing Chinese online, here is how you can  write Chinese characters using Windows XP.

E-commerce as a Business-to-Consumer International Market Entry Essay

E-commerce as a Business-to-Consumer International Market Entry Strategy - Essay Example In the following paper I will be examining e-commerce in terms of marketing entry strategy and business-to-consumer operations. Marketing mix and strategies for effective product distribution through the channel of e-commerce is reviewed to cover the topic. Ultimately, conclusions and recommendations end up the paper. As illustrated in Figure 1, business to consumer (B2C) refers to the selling of goods and/or services directly to consumers by businesses. The classic example is Amazon (www.amazon.com) which offers in excess of 1.5 million book titles online and has extended its sales into other products, including music CDs, videos and games. Business to business (B2B) refers to the selling of goods and/or services by one company to another as part of their supply chain, and is likely to contribute to at least 80 per cent of the growth of e-Commerce in the next five years. An example is Marshalls (www.marshalls.com). There are significant overlaps between Internet strategy and Internet marketing, particularly if a company adopts a broad perspective of marketing by engendering customer focus throughout the business, as described above. Indeed, the two terms can be regarded as synonymous. Chaffey (2002) regards Internet marketing as a subset of Internet strategy that he calls 'sell-side e-commerce', meaning that it focuses on building relationships with customers, in parallel with 'buy-side e-commerce' that focuses on supply chain management. Chen (2001) regards Internet marketing as dealing with operational rather than strategic issues, but includes customer relationship management in the 'operational' category. In this book, we use the term 'Internet marketing' in a broad sense, while still distinguishing strategic aspects and operational aspects. Usually, when speaking of B2C operations, the business of e-retail is implied in the term. The business of e-retail has been defined as the sale of goods and services via Internet or other electronic channels, for personal or household use by consumers (Harris and Dennis, 2002). This definition includes all e-commerce activities that result in transactions with end consumers (rather than business customers), i.e. B2C rather than B2B. Some e-marketing activities that do not directly involve transactions, such as providing (free) information or promoting brands and image, are considered to be part of B2C but are not normally considered as being within the scope of e-retail. Despite the dot.com crash of 2000, e-retailing has been growing, particularly for the 'top eight' categories that account for three-quarters of all European sales. These major growth areas comprise: books, music and DVD movies, groceries, sex products, games and software, electronic and computer equipment, travel, and clothes. Disadvantages of E-Commerce as an international marketing entry strategy Over perceived benefits of E-Commerce as an international market entry strategy that will be discussed later in this paper, this kind of product or service distribution has its disadvantages. Retailers, for example, may lack the technical know-how, the substantial investment required or

Nutrition (any title that you will choose Essay

Nutrition (any title that you will choose - Essay Example It is undeniable that the government cares substantially about public nutrition and economics related to this aspect. Technically, nutrition refers to the science of food materials, and the role of food substances in a human body. Nutrition is not only concerned with food consumption but also revolves around understanding utilization of food matter within the body (Arlene 56). Areas of interest include the role of nutrients in health, and identification of diseases and medical problems resulting from dietary factors. This essay seeks to examine the relationship between nutrition and economics, especially from a governmental perspective. As mentioned earlier, nutrition has a close link with health aspects of diseases. Conventionally, cancer is associated with smoking of cigarette and use of unsaturated fats in frying foods. In addition, obesity derives its roots from excess intake of calories, and can lead to medical complications like heart attack. Clinically, fruits and vegetables tends of extend individual’s lives by approximately 5 years. Based on these facts, one can appreciate the fact that dietary patterns can either cause diseases or promote health improvement. Nutrition maintains health by preventing diseases. In fact good nutrition can reduce the increasing death rate associated with cancer and heath attack. Despite having great benefits, all members of the public will not consume fruits as a means of deterring nutrition related diseases. This means that there are numerous factors affecting nutrition. Common factors include economics, especially the aspect of income levels, politics and sociology am ong others. In developed countries like Canada, duties of the national government include responding to matters of public health. The government formulates health policies and implements intervention programs during public health emergencies. Economically, the government pays for treatment costs of its citizens,

A Dolls House Analysis of Nora

A Dolls House Analysis of Nora I must stand on my own two feet if I am to find out the truth about myself and about life, To what extent is Nora a tragic heroine? -1497 words (excluding title) A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen is a modern tragedy that is centred around the life of a typical Norwegian household in the Victorian era, focusing on the trials and tribulations that face Nora Helmer in this patriarchal society. A Dolls House explores not only the status of women, but how they are victims of social forces to the extent that they are left with the role of a dollwife. During the course of this essay, I intend to study the character of Nora and to what extent she qualifies as a tragic heroine. As the curtain opens to the first act, we are introduced to Nora as an extravagant little person, a sweet little spendthrift; giving the audience the impression that she will be yet another undeveloped female character as seen in previous traditional tragedies. Ibsen uses patronizing language to portray Torvalds view of his wife, how to him she was just a sweet little skylark, the word little emphasizing Torvalds misogynistic ego, and how he uses typically loving terms but makes them seem condescending and demeaning. Aristotles description of a tragic hero as outlined in his book Poetics, is where he discusses the aspects of ones character which qualify one to be a tragic hero, ideas which have been accepted and expanded for several centuries, and often used as a mould for tragic heroes. In order to reach my conclusion and decide to what degree Nora is a tragic heroine, I will compare Noras character to some of the ideas Aristotle discussed in his book. According to Aristotle, the tragic hero is a man who is a mixture of good characteristics and bad characteristics. Regardless of the requirement of being male, Nora fits this aspect of his definition perfectly as she can be seen as both the epitome of good and evil within the play, depending on ones perspective. Ibsen establishes Noras character as not purely vapid (as we perhaps thought based on our first impression of her) but a woman who gave up the necess[ities] of life and went to extreme lengths to save [her] husbands life, even though it was considered imprudent in Victorian society, where a woman was transferred from being, firstly a good daughter, secondly a good wife and finally a good mother. Consequently, Noras character can also be seen as having bad characteristics (one of Aristotles prerequisites of being a tragic hero) as she undoubtedly commit[ted] a fraud and as Krogstad says, the law cares nothing about motives, even if Nora did it for loves sake. Ibsen stated that a woman cannot be herself in modern society. It is an exclusively male society, with laws made by men with no regard to female emotions. Torvald shakes his finger at Nora and says that a songbird must have a clean beak to chirp with. Ibsens use of stage direction clearly shows Torvalds condescending behaviour towards his wife. It also shows that even after eight years of marriage, Torvald Helmer underestimates his wifes character or capabilities to the extent that it is questionable whether he knows her at all. Ibsen suggests that even though the plot unfolds in a male dominated society, those same men could be easily deceived by their wives, as shown by Torvald and Noras relationship. Even though Ibsen has followed Aristotles idea, he has left it open to interpretation as Noras actions can be interpreted as good or bad. Ibsen portrays Nora as being coquettish, using her beauty and charisma to her advantage as she play(s) with [Torvalds] coat buttons without raising her eyes to his, mere domestic, flirtatious behaviour. However, it adds complexity to Noras character, as she is manipulating her husband into giving her what she desires. Alternatively, Ibsen could be portraying that women were now breaking away from the restraints of the social norm, where before all else, [they] are a wife and a mother. As it is revealed to us that Nora saved Torvalds life, we know that she is not just a dollwife, but a woman of intellectual complexity. Ibsen adds psychological depth to Noras character, depth that was previously uncommon within female characters in drama, a prime example being Shakespeares Ophelia. The play follows Aristotles rule -the tragic hero has a tragic flaw, or hamartia, that is the cause of his downfall-, establishing Nora as a tragic heroine. Nora Helmers tragic flaw is undoubtedly her naivetà ©. As Aristotle stated, the tragedy is usually triggered by some error of judgment or some character flaw and it can be said that it is Noras innocence that inevitably leads her to her tragic fall. As I have previously discussed, Torvald consistently displays condescending and demeaning behaviour towards Nora, calling her a little featherhead and an obstinate little person, and Nora seems to perceive his abusive and controlling behaviour as a sign that Torvald is so absurdly fond of [her]. Nora regards her husband as having no moral failings, and man enough to take everything upon [him]self to the extent that he would never for a moment hesitate to give his life for [her]. Torvalds morality is what makes his actions so shocking when he refuses to save her and accuses her of hav ing no religion, no morality, no sense of duty, when in fact the reason behind her immorality was Torvald himself. Noras understanding of her hamartia permits her to reach catharsis which is a secular moment of self realisation, allowing her to therefore rectify her problem and complete her journey to be a tragic heroine. During Act II, Nora starts to realize her flaw, she starts to realize that she is not Torvalds dollwife living in his play room. This is made evident in the play as Nora disagrees with Torvald and says he has a narrow-minded way of looking at things. Even though this realization is nowhere as dramatic as it would have been in classical tragedy, Noras actions have the same effect on the audience as she voices her opinion, taking on the dominant role in their relationship. Aristotle also states that the tragic hero is someone people can relate to. Ibsen has made this possible by setting his play within a typical affluent Victorian household, and uses Nora to depict the oppression of women, and how they have been dehumanized to mere objects of entertainment, particularly in the middle-class society. George Bernard Shaw agrees that the plays domestic setting makes the characters recognizable people as their problems were familiar to the audience. Ibsen illustrates the Helmers broken marriage through Nora taking off [her] fancy dress, her changing into regular clothing symbolises the shedding of all illusions about their marriage. He uses the metaphor of a cold, wintry night to depict the frosty atmosphere of the Helmer household. Ibsen shows how Nora has existed merely to perform tricks for [Torvald] through the tarantella, a folk dance that was traditionally performed to purge oneself of poison, showing the intensity of the control Torvald has over her. Finally, Aristotle argues that the tragic hero always falls in the end, and that is why he is called a tragic hero. His tragic flaw always ends up in tragedy for himself and for those around him. The plays climaxes when Nora leaves her husband and children, which can be regarded as her fall. This can be regarded as either an assertion of her humanity or as a negligence of her most sacred duties, as she forsake(s) [her] husband and children. However, In my opinion, Nora is not abandoning any duties as even though she had borne [Torvald] three children, it was their maid Anne-Marie that catered to all the childrens needs, whereas it was great fun when [Nora] played with [the children], the children have been [her] dolls. Subsequently, it can be seen as liberation for Nora as her whole life, she was simply transferred from Papas hands to [Torvalds], allowing her to make nothing of [her] life. It is here when our little skylark finally flies away from her cage, attaining freedom. Aristot le agrees that the fall is not pure loss. There is some increase in awareness, some gain in self-knowledge, as Nora slams the door shut on her marriage. It can be said that Ibsen uses his final stage direction to symbolise the possible decline of patriarchy, the closing of 19th century beliefs and the birth of Modernism. Throughout the play, Nora takes on many different roles, making her character difficult to compartmentalise, but as a critic says, the greatest dramatic characters have the freedom of incongruity. In A Dolls House, Ibsen presents us with a character that at first glance appears to be a featherhead, but follows the Aristotelian journey of a tragic hero, from hamartia to catharsis to her tragic fall. Aristotle says that the tragic hero is a character of noble stature and has greatness, and even though Nora is just an ordinary Victorian housewife, it is undeniable that she does in fact possess greatness, making Nora a modern tragic heroine.

How cultures use food Essay

1. Outline the way different cultures use the value food? Out of the many different cultures present throughout the world, all value food in most similar ways. Most similarities can be struck between the availability of foods within their regions, specifically enviromental and seasonal ripening in the spring period. Food has become plentiful in Western civilisations over the past few decades, , due to the advances in agriculture allowing maximum growth and larger yields in the shortest amount of time (Chemgeneration 2011). This has also introduced interest into controversial genetically modified foods and the use of hybrid varieties of plants that have more desirable qualities. An example of this is Maize and certain potatoes that secrete a pesticide from the plant to ward of pests and insects, thus removing the need to use pesticides and chemicals (Chemgeneration 2011). Dr Rosalie McCauley (Development Office Department of Agriculture and Food WA, p1), obtained results that genetically modified foods haves been more increasingly used as th e use of farmland increases exponentially at over 6% per year, seeing some 170.3 million hectares of GM foods being grown. In western society, there are a significant percentage of people either being overweight or obese, even Australia that has a population of approx 22 million (Australian Bureau of Statistics p1), with over 60% is considered over weight (ABS 2012, Australian Bureau of Statistics). Most overweight or obese individuals have and unhealthy relationship with food and it was theorised by Dr Carole Hungerford (Good Health in 21st Century) it can be considered ‘an addiction’. There is speculation as to why western society has such an addiction foods such as bread and milk, as we are the only species that drinks milk after weaning, especially that of another animal. Clinical studies and Medical Publications released by Dr J.L. Fortuna (PUBMED, 2010, p1) found clinical similarities for binge eating to that of drug dependences seeing a similar release of serotonin as with other drug dependencies. Though obesity is a prevalent condition around the world, numerous countries do not have the same obesity rates as western culture, some of this is likely to result in the way food is perceived by other cultures. Comparatively, in some cultures around the world, it is part of their culture to abstain from food for a short period of time. A more popularly known fasti ng is the Islamic undertaking of Ramadan where they fast during day light hours (Huda, 2009). Though in western cultures, people have a dislike to feel hungry, and can feel like they have fasted if they miss morning tea during a busy day at work. Numerous cultures throughout history have also used food as offering to their gods or deities to pray for health, or future harvests rain. Egyptian Pharaohs would be entombed with vast pots of food and spices to be used on their journey to the heavens. Some traditional practices continue even today such as the Korean Charye used to honour families ancestors, where special foods are prepared to during the Chuesoerk Ceremonies. The Chuesoerk (Korea.net, 2010) is a three day holiday to celebrate the good harvest received during the spring of that year. These cultural and religious uses for food are worldwide, and often not too distant from Christian practices of thanksgiving celebrated during the Christmas period. In conclusion, all cultures, no matter how distant or unique, have significant celebrations, events or relationships with a large role involving the use or lack of foods. The use of food to bring together communities and families is not dissimilar in almost all countries and demographics on earth; however the individuals use or overuse is not always healthy. References: 1. The Chemical Generation 2001, Viewed 14 January 2014 2. The Chemical Generation 2001, Viewed 14 January 2014 3. Dr Rosalie McCauley, Department of Agriculture and Food, WA, viewed 10 January 2014 4. ABS (2012) Australian health survey: First results, 2011–12. ABS cat. no. 4364.0.55.001. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Viewed 14 January 2014 5. Aust Government, National Health and Medical Research Council. Viewed 10 January 2014 6. Hungerford, Dr Carole, 2008, Good health in the 21st century, Revised Edition, Scribe, Victoria. 7. Fortuna, J. Department of Health Science, CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, viewed 10 January 2014 8. Huda, About.com, 2009. Viewed 15 January 2014 9. Korea.net, 2010, viewed 11 January 2014 2. What general concepts guide the present western diet? The current concepts of the western diet are based in the influence of proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins and minerals (Whitney and Rolfes, 2013). Although we have come a long way with the introduction of multiculturalism some decades ago, for many western diet is still based around the proteins consisting of meats, predominantly red meat and chicken, carbohydrates with starchy root vegetables. This is often referred to as the ‘meat and three veg’ diet and the previous generations would have grown up with this as their diet staples as they where the majority of foods available for purchase or even grown themselves. With exception to the last 200 years, mankind has been involved in the seasonal use of foods and their diets where restricted by what was available at those times. Today there are vast changes in the way foods are produced to permit year round availability and the creation of food products that have previously been unavailable. Researchers at Bates Collage (Lewiston, ME, USA, 2013) believe that in the last 150 years since the invention of stones mills, the refining process of grain to create white flour, is now a consistent staple within the western diet. It was noted that this is a considerable source of carbohydrates and the cultures that had not encountered this food type previously began to show Heart Disease, Type 2 diabetes and stroke. These are all ailments that had been previously unseen in those areas. Additionally, the belief of receiving good value for money has become one of the most influential concepts and reasoning behind the purchase of processed food in recent times. The perception to receive the best meal, to be filling, quickly and well priced has seen the fast food chain market turn into a billion dollar industry (B.A. Swinburne, 2004). Anna Hodgekiss (U.S. daily Mail editor) explains that the over indulgence of these highly fatty foods have been  linked to short life spans and arrays of health problems. Even with the warnings and proven heath problems that arise, some families can become dependent on foods that are considered â€Å"value for money†. In conclusion, the general concepts to achieve the main food groups are relevant and understood but poorly enacted. The ease and availability of cheap fast food and highly refined products, that arrive ready to eat, are becoming preferential over the more time consuming cooking of foods from the local supermarket. References: 1. Whitney, E and Rolfes, S. Understanding Nutrition 13th Edition, 2013, Wadsworth USA 2. BATES Collage 2014, 2 Andrews Road Lewiston, ME 04240. Viewed 14 January 2014 3. Online book extract B.A. Swinburne, Public Health Nutrition, Chap 7, pp132 (p10). Viewed 14 January 2014 4. Hodgekiss, Anna, U.S. Daily Mail, viewed 14 January 2014 3. Discuss the comparative issues between man and nature? Nature is the world surrounding us, and it is the term we use to describe anything that happens which is out of our control. Such as natural disasters like cyclones, floods and drought. So considering this nature can not only be seen as a friend, but also as an enemy. Man desires to control nature by synthetic, mechanic and industrial plans. Synthetic and Natural medicines desire the same outcomes, of long life and good heath, but the methods to achieve it could not be any more different. Whether it is derived by numerous chemical processes or used in the original form it is found, nature made and manmade are vastly different especially when it comes to health and healing. Some cultures rely almost completely on nature to provide their basic needs such as water, food, shelter and even medicine. Though considered bland and not in line with the â€Å"perfect diet† (Health Schools Australia notes), the health benefits and improved health conditions are  achieved without the use of synthetic medicine, where as Western Diet, requires supplement by manmade medicines. This reliance on the local flora and fauna to provide all essentials and life improving aspects is not a new belief and is understood worldwide, but has been partially replaced by Western perception of that health can only be achieved by Pharmaceutical (Crigger NJ). The perception that health and food are separate and not interrelated because ‘man’ has created medicines that are better than those extracted from the ‘nature’ like Tibetans and non western cultures. In contrast, Western society has adopted that the scientific basis behind the synthetic production of therapeutic medicines is the only medical way to treat disease and illness. Today, it appears the practice of non synthetic medicinal applications is mostly centric to non western cultures. The â€Å"Perfect Diet’’ is deemed as a one shoe fits all remedy for the correct eating and dietary requirements for modern people. Where if we look at the diets of other cultures, such as the Hunza diet or Mediterranean Diet, where the majority of the population has a life expectancy significantly higher than that of the Western counterparts may have something to do with the foods that differ to that of the â€Å"Perfect Western Diet†(Diet Choices, 2014 and Trichopoula, A). One key reason is believed to be the Hunza population in the Himalayas consume more than 200% (Dainca Collins, 2011) of the B17 (also known as Amygdalan) than their western counter parts. This is likely due to the Hunza eating the seeds of all fruits, which is something that is often discarded within western society. Christina Larner (Body and Soul) has identified that Apricot se eds contain the largest concentrations of B17, and has been used a cancer treatment in modern times. However the same seeds are alleged to have caused Cyanidic acid when consumed to excessive quantities, but cases of cyanide toxicity are rare (Christina Larner). In conclusion, man created medicines for health and longevity are proven to be available in the natural world around us. Public perception provides the strongest reasons why man made pharmaceuticals are the main stream choice for western society, where as the isolated communities use the world around them to treat their ailments. 1.Whitney, E and Rolfes, S. Understanding Nutrition 13th Edition, 2013, Wadsworth USA 2.Crigger, N.J. 2009, PUBMED, US National Library of Medicine, viewed 14 January 2014 3.Diet Choices, 2014, Diet Choices, Las Vegas NV, USA, viewed 15 January 2014 < http://dietchoices.com/diet-plans/hunza-diet/> 4.Trichopoula, A. 2000, PUBMED, US National Library of Medicine, viewed 14 January 2014 5.Dainca Collins, 2011, UNDERGROUND HEALTH REPORTER, viewed 15 January 2014 6.Larner, Christina, Body and Soul, viewed 15 January 2014 4) Diversity of foods has been a benefit to the human race? Australia’s culinary heritage has expanded greatly over the last 100 years with numerous population demographics immigrating to Australia. We have observed cultural and culinary delights flood our markets, restaurants and kitchens with sights, smells and aromas from around the world. Many years ago these would have been deemed exotic and bizarre, but are now considered almost staple additions to the average household pantry. Fifty years ago, within our Grandmothers pantry, our available food selections were significantly limited in spices and rare/exotic foods that are now considered normal place. Meat and three veg meals of starchy root vegetables and heavy protein meats where the staple of the diet during those times. It is argued (Potatoes SA) that these staples popularity on Australian kitchen tables where due to the European based settlers focusing on farming practices for this produce over the last 100 years. Pliner and Hoden (cit. Evaluation of food choice behaviours, p 20) stated it was more to do with the neophobic attitude towards foreign foods due to the â€Å"unfamiliarity of foods† that limited the adventurous mindset to the evolving culinary scene. In either case, only since World War 2 did the appearance of multicultural foods and diets start to intermix. One of the most popular entries into our diets is the highly regarded Mediterranean diet consisting of uncooked fresh whole vegetables, whole grains and some fish and seafood but minimal meat. That compared to the past diets of root based vegetables that where often boiled or baked, and argued to lose most of its natural vitamins and minerals during the cooking process, especially seen with water soluble vitamins (Better Health Channel). The high use of tomatoes within the Mediterranean diet, which contain large amounts of the antioxidant lycopene and that is believed to have anti-tumour properties to relieve cancers  particularly in the prostate and multiple-myeloma (Tonia Reinhard, p44-45). Additionally, the vibrant coloured vegetables that contain high amounts of VIT A and C such as Capsicums, Spinach, green leafy vegetables. VIT A is required for vision, the immune system and as an antioxidant. Dr Carole Hungerford (Good health in 21st century, p160) identifies that night blindness is a symptom of VIT A deficiency. Even the fats used are considered healthier with the Olives and olive oil as the principle source of fat. Tonia Reinhard states that Olive oil contains the richest source of mono unsaturated fatty acids, being 77% mono-unsaturated and 14% saturated, this is attributed as to why it helps to prevent cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, the diversity of foods that have spread across the world is bring ing the many health benefits to many. As the world continues to expand and new ideas and foods are embraced, soon the healing and healthy properties of those unique diets will improve the health and well being across the globe. 1.Potatoes South Australia, 2013, Elder House, Adelaide, SA, viewed 15 January 2014 2.Online Thesis – Roininen, Katariina, 2001, Evaluation of food choice behaviour: Development and Validation of health and taste attitude scales, visited 15 January 2014 3.Better Health Channel, July 2013, Victorian Government, viewed 15 January 2014 4.Hungerford, Dr Carole, 2008, Good health in the 21st century, Revised Edition, Scribe, Victoria. 5.Reinhard, Tonia, (2010), SUPERFOODS The Healthiest Foods on the Planet, Cove Press, NSW 5) The future of nutrition In the past and even in some places still today, nutrition has not play a conscious role in conventional medicine, as the focus has and always seems to be about treating disease not the cause. Nutrition based medicine has been labelled with a stigma as ‘alternative’ or new age and not given the same attention as the newest drug on the market. Recently have we begun to see some changes within the health care system which offers clients a  natural alternative to pharmaceuticals. This has began a movement known as Integrative Medicine (OSHER, 2012), where the approach is about taking the best from conventional and alternative medicine and combining them. This combination of practices is reinforcing the tenants of prevention rather than cure, which follows the old adage that â€Å"an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure†. We are already seeing this revolutionary ideal take off with the emergence of integrative clinics now established in some major citi es, and where patients even seek further information from their GP on what additional alternative treatments are available for their ailments (Mike Adams, 2005). This wider social consciousness towards natural alternatives is perhaps due to the increased marketing of nutritional supplements within media (Mike Adams, 2005). These messages are making people more curious about their health and what they can do to improve it. In addition, we are seeing nutritional products such as ‘Inner Health Plus’ a pro-biotic supplement, is sometimes prescribed to patients following a course of antibiotics. This behaviour by GP’s is demonstrating a small but important step to the medical and health organisations towards the evolution of nutritional medicine. The popularity of supplements and their advertised health benefits has propelled the sale of many nutritional products, especially Omega 3 supplements derived from fish oil or krill oil (Lisa Schofield, 2013). Omega 3 that is naturally occurring within deep ocean fish species has been proven to be beneficial for arthritis suffers, for heart health, and general wellbeing (Whitney, 2013, pg 161.). Dr Hungerford (Hungerford, 2008) tells us that until recent times, animals who do not manufacture their own omega 3 would have had to eat plants which contain omega 3’s for protection against the cold and other health benefits. However, as we domesticated animals, kept them warm in barns, and fed them the food we grew; the animals did not require as much omega 3 in order to survive. This man made change is a potential reason is why fish still remains one of the best sources of omega 3, as the majority of fish that we consume are wild. (Hungerford, 2008 pg. 6-7). In summary, the stigma of nutritional based medicine is slowly being lifted as media, mainstream medicine and health care practitioners inculcate these practices into their professions. Today, more than ever, people have access to the information and products that can be utilised to improve their health, wellbeing and  diets. As the message becomes clearer and better understood, it is likely that the stigma will be removed completely and nutritionists will be given the same renowned as the doctors and medical professionals that share the same vision for long and healthy life for all. 1.Osher Centre for Integrative Medicine, University of California, 2012, CA, USA, viewed 17 Jan 2014 2.Adams, Mike, 24 July 2005, Natural News, viewed 17 Jan 2014 3.Hungerford, Dr Carole, 2008, Good health in the 21st century, Revised Edition, Scribe, Victoria 4.Schofield, Lisa, 09 Sep 2013, Nutraceuticals World, viewed 17 January 2014 5.Whitney, E and Rolfes, S. Understanding Nutrition 13th Edition, 2013, Wadsworth USA Bibliography ABS (2012) Australian health survey: First results, 2011–12. ABS cat. no. 4364.0.55.001. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Viewed 14 January 2014 Adams, Mike, 24 July 2005, Natural News, viewed 17 Jan 2014 Aust Government, National Health and Medical Research Council. Viewed 10 January 2014 B.A. Swinburne, Public Health Nutrition, Chap 7, pp132 (p10). Viewed 14 January 2014 BATES Collage 2014, 2 Andrews Road Lewiston, ME 04240. Viewed 14 January 2014 Better Health Channel, July 2013, Victorian Government, viewed 15 January 2014 Collins, Dainca, 2011, UNDERGROUND HEALTH REPORTER, viewed 15 January 2014 Crigger, N.J. 2009, PUBMED, US National Library of Medicine, viewed 14 January 2014 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19671650 Diet Choices, 2014, Diet Choices, Las Vegas NV, USA, viewed 15 January 2014 < http://dietchoices.com/diet-plans/hunza-diet/> Dr Rosalie McCauley, Department of Agriculture and Food, WA, viewed 10 January 2014 Fortuna, J. Department of Health Science, CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, viewed 10 January 2014 Hodgekiss, Anna, U.S. Daily Mail, viewed 14 January 2014 Huda, About.com, 2009. Viewed 15 January 2014 Hungerford, Dr Carole, 2008, Good health in the 21st century, Revised Edition, Scribe, Victoria Korea.net, 2010, viewed 11 January 2014 http://www.korea.net/Government/Current-Affairs/Others?affairId=168 Larner, Christina, Body and Soul, viewed 15 January 2014 Osher Centre for Integrative Medicine, University of California, 2012, CA, USA, viewed 17 Jan 2014 Potatoes South Australia, 2013, Elder House, Adelaide, SA, viewed 15 January 2014 Reinhard, Tonia, (2010), SUPERFOODS The Healthiest Foods on the Planet, Cove Press, NSW Roininen, Katariina, 2001, Evaluation of food choice behaviour: Development and Validation of health and taste attitude scales, visited 15 January 2014 Schofield, Lisa, 09 Sep 2013, Nutraceuticals World, viewed 17 January 2014 The Chemical Generation 2001, Viewed 14 January 2014 The Chemical Generation 2001, Viewed 14 January 2014 Trichopoula, A. 2000, PUBMED, US National Library of Medicine, viewed 14 January 2014 Whitney, E and Rolfes, S. Understanding Nutrition 13th Edition, 2013, Wadsworth USA

Handwriting a Letter Versus Sending an E-Mail Message

Versus Sending an E-mail Message Handwriting a letter is very similar yet different from sending an email. Since the dawn of man until around the sass's people have wrote letters. In the sass's when the home Internet was first available, people became so fond of e-mailing that handwriting letters quickly became a lost art. Handwriting a letter is more personal and slower. While sending an e-mail is faster, easier, and not as personal.Both forms f communication have the ability to tell someone something, and most people like receiving a letter whether handwritten or by e-mail. E-mailing someone Isn't as personal as handwriting a letter. If someone writes the president a letter he might actually take the time to sit down and read it. Handwriting the letter versus e-malign It to him lets him know someone actually took the time to sit down and think about what they were going to write.If they e-mail him most likely someone who works for helm will read It first and ask him If he wants to read It, and here are probably millions of people who e-mail him, so he probably wont read every single one. So, there might be a better chance if the letter is handwritten because it seems as if they really want the president to hear what they have to say. The time frame it takes to actually sit down and write a letter does take longer than e-mailing someone. If you were to e-mail someone you can use abbreviations such as † 101†³, â€Å"ward†, † be, and â€Å"TTYL†. Sing abbreviations like these are quicker, easier and more time efficient even though they may not be considered proper rammer. Although handwritten are not as short as e-mails they are most likely to have better grammar, and usually more detailed. When people get on the computer, they probably are doing more than one thing at a time so their e-mail Is short, If they are more focused on something else. If someone Is handwriting a letter they take the time to sit down and Just focus on that and more thoughts may come to their head to write down.So yes, e-mailing is more beneficial for time frames but it may not be beneficial to everything you want to say. Something that is similar about these two thing is they both get the message across. No matter if it takes an hour to write or five minutes to type, the recipient is still receiving a letter or e-mail. Also if the recipient received a fully detailed letter or an extremely short message, they may have not gotten everything you planned to say but they got the idea of what you were trying to say.It may take you two days to receive your letter in the mail rather than getting it by e-mail in ten minutes but either way you are still receiving it . People now may take advantage of e-malign because It Is faster and easier. It may be because people are too lazy to write a letter or they Just don't have time. Some people may just stick to handwriting letters because they don't like the idea of all the new technology Ana want t o stick to tenet 010 ways. Bettor ten Internet people only knew how to write letters by hand. In the end it comes down to what you prefer, e- mailing or handwriting a letter.

Summary Of A Plague Of Sheep By Elinor Melville

A commentary on â€Å"A Plague of Sheep† In her book, â€Å"A Plague of Sheep,† Elinor Melville argues that it was not environmental inevitability, but human choice that caused the ecological degradation of the Valle del Mezquital. She outlines the environmental characteristics of the valley in Mexico before and after the colonial conquest of the region. Melville furthers her argument through the analysis of another region in Australia and the stratification of the conquest process. The study is focused on the decades between 1500 and 1600. A cogent book, â€Å"A Plague of Sheep† does well to deliver information pertinent, but sometimes irrelevant, to Melville’s argument. Logically, Melville opens with an introduction. Here, she lies down information mostly inarguable, describing the Europeans conquest through the joint power of military and ecology, not only human force. Plants, animals, and diseases, rather, were conquerors more so than conquistadors. She elaborates on this idea. The most substantial evidence towards the ecological takeover of the New World, Melville argues, is the occurrence of ungulate irruptions. This concept appears throughout the book and is a pillar of her argument. It occurs when ungulates, hooved animals, are introduced to an environment of exceptional abundance. The population soars, but the land then becomes overgrazed. The next generation of ungulates, although hearty in population, suffers from starvation as the grasses are not as they once were. Plant life